Quick recap.
咗 (Dummy PY: Jaw), 完 (Dummy PY: Yuen) and 晒 (Dummy PY: Sai), 過 (Dummy PY: Gwoh). Are the past tense indicators.
咗 (Dummy PY: Jaw) is the -ed form.
完 (Dummy PY: Yuen) means something is done, finished or over completely in the past 晒 (Dummy PY: Sigh) also carries the meaning of finishing the remaining amount, or the remainder of the particular action or thing.
過 (Dummy PY: Guo) is indicating that you have done something before, at least have tried it.
Example:
你[nei5]食[sik6]咗[jo2]飯[faan6]未[mei6]呀[a3]?
You ate yet?
literal: You eat -Ed rice yet?
Formula:
Pronoun + verb + 咗[jo2] past tense indicator + noun + 未[mei6]?
To say yes I have eaten in full,
我[ngo5]食[sik6]咗[jo2]飯[faan6]。
(Add your own emotion sounds. )
Short:
食[sik6]咗[jo2]飯[faan6]啦[la1]。/
我[ngo5]食[sik6]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。/
食[sik6]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。
If you haven’t eaten, then u don’t need to put 咗[jo2]-Ed after the verb. You will put 未[mei6]in front of the verb to mean not yet.
In full:
我[ngo5]未[mei6]食[sik6]飯[faan6]呀[a3]。
Short:
我[ngo5]未[mei6]食[sik6]呀[a3]。/
未[mei6]食[sik6]呀[a3]。/
未[mei6]呀[a3]。
哥[go4]哥[go1]做[jou6]咗[jo2]功[gung1]課[fo3]未[mei6]啊[a1]？
Formula:
Pronoun + verb + 咗[jo2] past tense indicator + noun + 未[mei6]?
To say yes?
Full: 哥[go4]哥[go1]做[jou6]咗[jo2]功[gung1]課[fo3]啦[la1]。
Short: 哥[go4]哥[go1]做[jou6]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。/
做[jou6]咗[jo2]功[gung1]課[fo3]啦[la1]。/
做[jou6]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。
To say no?
Full: 哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]做[jou6]功[gung1]課[fo3]啊[a1]。
Short:
哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]做[jou6]呀[a3]。/
哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]啊[a1]。/
未[mei6]做[jou6]功[gung1]課[fo3]啊[a1]。/
未[mei6]做[jou6]呀[a3]。/
未[mei6]啊[a1]。
Good. Another question,
叔[suk1]叔[suk1]上[seung6/seung5]咗[jo2]飛[fei1]機[gei1]未[mei6]啊[a1]？
Did uncle get on the plane yet?
Literal: Uncle boarded plane yet?
Formula:
Pronoun + verb + 咗[jo2] past tense indicator + noun + 未[mei6]?
叔[suk1]叔[suk1] - Uncle
飛[fei1]機[gei1] - Airplane
上[seung6/seung5]飛[fei1]機[gei1] - boarding an airplane
To say yes in full,
叔[suk1]叔[suk1]上[seung6/seung5]咗[jo2]飛[fei1]機[gei1]啦[la1]。
Short:
叔[suk1]叔[suk1]上[seung6/seung5]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。/
上[seung6/seung5]咗[jo2]飛[fei1]機[gei1]啦[la1]。/
上[seung6/seung5]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。
To say no in full? Again you don’t need to put 咗[jo2]-Ed after the verb. You will put 未[mei6]in front of the verb to mean not yet.
Full: 叔[suk1]叔[suk1]未[mei6]上[seung6/seung5]飛[fei1]機[gei1]啊[a1]。
Short:
叔[suk1]叔[suk1]未[mei6]上[seung6/seung5]啊[a1]。/
叔[suk1]叔[suk1]未[mei6]啊[a1]。/
未[mei6]上[seung6/seung5]飛[fei1]機[gei1]啊[a1]。/
未[mei6]上[seung6/seung5]呀[a3]。/
未[mei6]啊[a1]。
Very good. Now forming a question,
If the sentence goes,
媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]咗[jo2]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。
Mom saw the doctor.
Or the negative,
媽[ma4]媽[ma1]未[mei6]睇[tai2]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。
Mom has yet to see the doctor.
In order to form a question, you will say the affirmative sentence 媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]咗[jo2]醫[yi1]生[sang1] then add 未[mei6] after the sentence, then you raise the tone of 未[mei6] or add an emotion sound to form a question.
Question = did mom see the doctor?
媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]咗[jo2]醫[yi1]生[sang1]未[mei6]？ /
媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]咗[jo2]醫[yi1]生[sang1]未[mei6]啊[a1]？
Now your turn,
妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]返[faan1]咗[jo2]學[hok6]。
Little sister went to school.
or
妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]未[mei6]返[faan1]學[hok6]。
Little sister has not gone to school yet.
How do you form a question to ask if little sister went to school yet?
Question =
妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]返[faan1]咗[jo2]學[hok6]未[mei6]？ /
妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]返[faan1]咗[jo2]學[hok6]未[mei6]啊[a1]？
Did little sister go to school?
Very good. Now your turn.
哥[go4]哥[go1]刷[chaat3]咗[jo2]牙[nga4]。
Older brother brushed his teeth.
Or
哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]刷[chaat3]牙[nga4]。
Older brother has yet to brush his teeth.
How to put it in a question? Remember, you will say the affirmative sentence then add 未[mei6] after the sentence, then you raise the tone of 未[mei6] or add an emotion sound to form a question.
Question = Did older brother brush his teeth?
哥[go4]哥[go1]刷[chaat3]咗[jo2]牙[nga4]未[mei6]啊[a1]？
Very good.
Now moving onto 完[yun4], 完[yun4] and 咗[jo2] share the same structure, but remember 完[yun4]is asking is something is completely done.
For example,
你[nei5]食[sik6]完[yun4]飯[faan6]未[mei6]呀[a3]?
Are you done eating?
Literal: You eat finish rice yet?
Formula:
Pronoun + verb + 完[yun4] past tense indicator + noun + 未[mei6]?
To say yes, again you will say in full sentence.
我[ngo5]食[sik6]完[yun4]飯[faan6]啦[la1]。
Short:
食[sik6]完[yun4]飯[faan6]啦[la1]。/
我[ngo5]食[sik6]完[yun4]啦[la1]。/
食[sik6]完[yun4]喇[la3]。
To say no, move the 未[mei6] from the end of the question to the front of the verb.
Full: 我[ngo5]未[mei6]食[sik6]完[yun4]飯[faan6]呀[a3]。
Short:
未[mei6]食[sik6]完[yun4]飯[faan6]呀[a3]。/
我[ngo5]未[mei6]食[sik6]完[yun4]呀[a3]。/
未[mei6]食[sik6]完[yun4]呀[a3]。/
我[ngo5]未[mei6]啊[a1]。/
未[mei6]呀[a3]。
Pay attention and not say 未[mei6]食[sik6] not eat and omit the 完[yun4] past tense indicator meaning completely over here, because then it implies you haven’t started eating, not even in progress.
Now your turn, the question is,
媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]完[yun4]醫[yi1]生[sang1]未[mei6]？
Is mom done seeing the doctor?
Formula:
Pronoun + verb + 完[yun4] past tense indicator + noun + 未[mei6]?
To say yes in full?
媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]完[yun4]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。
Short:
媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]完[yun4]。/
睇[tai2]完[yun4]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。/
睇[tai2]完[yun4]。
To say no in full? again, move the 未[mei6] from the end of the question to the front of the verb.
媽[ma4]媽[ma1]未[mei6]睇[tai2]完[yun4]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。
short: 媽[ma4]媽[ma1]未[mei6]睇[tai2]完[yun4]。/
未[mei6]睇[tai2]完[yun4]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。/
媽[ma4]媽[ma1]未[mei6]。/
未[mei6]睇[tai2]完[yun4]。/
未[mei6]。
Very good, let’s practice forming the question,
哥[go4]哥[go1]做[jou6]完[yun4]功[gung1]課[fo3]。
Older brother has completely done his homework.
哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]做[jou6]完[yun4]功[gung1]課[fo3]。
Older brother has not yet completely done his homework.
In order to form a question, again, you will say the affirmative sentence, then add 未[mei6] after the sentence, then you raise the tone of 未[mei6] or add an emotion sound to form a question.
So the question is,
哥[go4]哥[go1]做[jou6]完[yun4]功[gung1]課[fo3]未[mei6]?
Has older brother completely done his homework?
Good. How about these sentences?
哥[go4]哥[go1]去[heui3]完[yun4]旅[leui5]行[hang4]。
Older brother finished his trip.
哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]去[heui3]完[yun4]旅[leui5]行[hang4]。
Older brother has not yet finished his trip.
旅[leui5]行[hang4]- Trip/ travel.
What will the question be?
哥[go4]哥[go1]去[heui3]完[yun4]旅[leui5]行[hang4]未[mei6]?
Has older brother done his trip?
