Yes/No questions past tense



Part 2



We will now move onto a different question/ sentence structure in the past tense format. With the past tense indicator 咗[jo2]and 完[yun4], your question structure will be completely different. 咗[jo2]and 完[yun4] questions share a similar structure.







Quick recap.

咗 (Dummy PY: Jaw), 完 (Dummy PY: Yuen) and 晒 (Dummy PY: Sai), 過 (Dummy PY: Gwoh). Are the past tense indicators.

咗 (Dummy PY: Jaw) is the -ed form.

完 (Dummy PY: Yuen) means something is done, finished or over completely in the past 晒 (Dummy PY: Sigh) also carries the meaning of finishing the remaining amount, or the remainder of the particular action or thing.

過 (Dummy PY: Guo) is indicating that you have done something before, at least have tried it.


Example:

你[nei5]食[sik6]咗[jo2]飯[faan6]未[mei6]呀[a3]?

You ate yet?

literal: You eat -Ed rice yet?


Formula: Pronoun + verb + 咗[jo2] past tense indicator + noun + 未[mei6]?


To say yes I have eaten in full,

我[ngo5]食[sik6]咗[jo2]飯[faan6]。 (Add your own emotion sounds. )


Short:

食[sik6]咗[jo2]飯[faan6]啦[la1]。/

我[ngo5]食[sik6]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。/

食[sik6]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。


If you haven’t eaten, then u don’t need to put 咗[jo2]-Ed after the verb. You will put 未[mei6]in front of the verb to mean not yet. In full:

我[ngo5]未[mei6]食[sik6]飯[faan6]呀[a3]。


Short:

我[ngo5]未[mei6]食[sik6]呀[a3]。/

未[mei6]食[sik6]呀[a3]。/

未[mei6]呀[a3]。


哥[go4]哥[go1]做[jou6]咗[jo2]功[gung1]課[fo3]未[mei6]啊[a1]?


Formula: Pronoun + verb + 咗[jo2] past tense indicator + noun + 未[mei6]?


To say yes?

Full: 哥[go4]哥[go1]做[jou6]咗[jo2]功[gung1]課[fo3]啦[la1]。


Short: 哥[go4]哥[go1]做[jou6]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。/

做[jou6]咗[jo2]功[gung1]課[fo3]啦[la1]。/

做[jou6]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。


To say no?

Full: 哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]做[jou6]功[gung1]課[fo3]啊[a1]。


Short:

哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]做[jou6]呀[a3]。/

哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]啊[a1]。/

未[mei6]做[jou6]功[gung1]課[fo3]啊[a1]。/

未[mei6]做[jou6]呀[a3]。/

未[mei6]啊[a1]。



Good. Another question,

叔[suk1]叔[suk1]上[seung6/seung5]咗[jo2]飛[fei1]機[gei1]未[mei6]啊[a1]?

Did uncle get on the plane yet?

Literal: Uncle boarded plane yet?


Formula: Pronoun + verb + 咗[jo2] past tense indicator + noun + 未[mei6]?


叔[suk1]叔[suk1] - Uncle

飛[fei1]機[gei1] - Airplane

上[seung6/seung5]飛[fei1]機[gei1] - boarding an airplane


To say yes in full,

叔[suk1]叔[suk1]上[seung6/seung5]咗[jo2]飛[fei1]機[gei1]啦[la1]。


Short:

叔[suk1]叔[suk1]上[seung6/seung5]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。/

上[seung6/seung5]咗[jo2]飛[fei1]機[gei1]啦[la1]。/

上[seung6/seung5]咗[jo2]啦[la1]。


To say no in full? Again you don’t need to put 咗[jo2]-Ed after the verb. You will put 未[mei6]in front of the verb to mean not yet.

Full: 叔[suk1]叔[suk1]未[mei6]上[seung6/seung5]飛[fei1]機[gei1]啊[a1]。


Short:

叔[suk1]叔[suk1]未[mei6]上[seung6/seung5]啊[a1]。/

叔[suk1]叔[suk1]未[mei6]啊[a1]。/

未[mei6]上[seung6/seung5]飛[fei1]機[gei1]啊[a1]。/

未[mei6]上[seung6/seung5]呀[a3]。/

未[mei6]啊[a1]。


Very good. Now forming a question, If the sentence goes,

媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]咗[jo2]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。

Mom saw the doctor.

Or the negative,

媽[ma4]媽[ma1]未[mei6]睇[tai2]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。

Mom has yet to see the doctor.


In order to form a question, you will say the affirmative sentence 媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]咗[jo2]醫[yi1]生[sang1] then add 未[mei6] after the sentence, then you raise the tone of 未[mei6] or add an emotion sound to form a question.


Question = did mom see the doctor?

媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]咗[jo2]醫[yi1]生[sang1]未[mei6]? /

媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]咗[jo2]醫[yi1]生[sang1]未[mei6]啊[a1]?


Now your turn,

妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]返[faan1]咗[jo2]學[hok6]。

Little sister went to school.

or

妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]未[mei6]返[faan1]學[hok6]。

Little sister has not gone to school yet.


How do you form a question to ask if little sister went to school yet?

Question =

妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]返[faan1]咗[jo2]學[hok6]未[mei6]? /

妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]妹[mui6/mui2/mui4/mui1]返[faan1]咗[jo2]學[hok6]未[mei6]啊[a1]?

Did little sister go to school?


Very good. Now your turn.


哥[go4]哥[go1]刷[chaat3]咗[jo2]牙[nga4]。

Older brother brushed his teeth.

Or

哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]刷[chaat3]牙[nga4]。

Older brother has yet to brush his teeth.


How to put it in a question? Remember, you will say the affirmative sentence then add 未[mei6] after the sentence, then you raise the tone of 未[mei6] or add an emotion sound to form a question.


Question = Did older brother brush his teeth?

哥[go4]哥[go1]刷[chaat3]咗[jo2]牙[nga4]未[mei6]啊[a1]?


Very good.


Now moving onto 完[yun4], 完[yun4] and 咗[jo2] share the same structure, but remember 完[yun4]is asking is something is completely done.


For example,

你[nei5]食[sik6]完[yun4]飯[faan6]未[mei6]呀[a3]?

Are you done eating?

Literal: You eat finish rice yet?


Formula: Pronoun + verb + 完[yun4] past tense indicator + noun + 未[mei6]?


To say yes, again you will say in full sentence.

我[ngo5]食[sik6]完[yun4]飯[faan6]啦[la1]。


Short:

食[sik6]完[yun4]飯[faan6]啦[la1]。/

我[ngo5]食[sik6]完[yun4]啦[la1]。/

食[sik6]完[yun4]喇[la3]。


To say no, move the 未[mei6] from the end of the question to the front of the verb.

Full: 我[ngo5]未[mei6]食[sik6]完[yun4]飯[faan6]呀[a3]。


Short: 未[mei6]食[sik6]完[yun4]飯[faan6]呀[a3]。/

我[ngo5]未[mei6]食[sik6]完[yun4]呀[a3]。/

未[mei6]食[sik6]完[yun4]呀[a3]。/

我[ngo5]未[mei6]啊[a1]。/

未[mei6]呀[a3]。


Pay attention and not say 未[mei6]食[sik6] not eat and omit the 完[yun4] past tense indicator meaning completely over here, because then it implies you haven’t started eating, not even in progress.


Now your turn, the question is,


媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]完[yun4]醫[yi1]生[sang1]未[mei6]

Is mom done seeing the doctor?


Formula: Pronoun + verb + 完[yun4] past tense indicator + noun + 未[mei6]?


To say yes in full?


媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]完[yun4]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。


Short: 媽[ma4]媽[ma1]睇[tai2]完[yun4]。/

睇[tai2]完[yun4]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。/

睇[tai2]完[yun4]。


To say no in full? again, move the 未[mei6] from the end of the question to the front of the verb.

媽[ma4]媽[ma1]未[mei6]睇[tai2]完[yun4]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。


short: 媽[ma4]媽[ma1]未[mei6]睇[tai2]完[yun4]。/

未[mei6]睇[tai2]完[yun4]醫[yi1]生[sang1]。/

媽[ma4]媽[ma1]未[mei6]。/

未[mei6]睇[tai2]完[yun4]。/

未[mei6]。


Very good, let’s practice forming the question,

哥[go4]哥[go1]做[jou6]完[yun4]功[gung1]課[fo3]。

Older brother has completely done his homework.

哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]做[jou6]完[yun4]功[gung1]課[fo3]。

Older brother has not yet completely done his homework.


In order to form a question, again, you will say the affirmative sentence, then add 未[mei6] after the sentence, then you raise the tone of 未[mei6] or add an emotion sound to form a question. So the question is,

哥[go4]哥[go1]做[jou6]完[yun4]功[gung1]課[fo3]未[mei6]?

Has older brother completely done his homework?


Good. How about these sentences?

哥[go4]哥[go1]去[heui3]完[yun4]旅[leui5]行[hang4]。

Older brother finished his trip.

哥[go4]哥[go1]未[mei6]去[heui3]完[yun4]旅[leui5]行[hang4]。

Older brother has not yet finished his trip.


旅[leui5]行[hang4]- Trip/ travel.


What will the question be?

哥[go4]哥[go1]去[heui3]完[yun4]旅[leui5]行[hang4]未[mei6]?

Has older brother done his trip?